Contract Type in Construction

Contract type in construction refers to the legal agreement between the owner or developer of a construction project and the contractor responsible for carrying out the work. The type of contract chosen can have a significant impact on the outcome of the project, as well as the budget and timeline. In this article, we will review the different types of contracts commonly used in the construction industry and their key features.

1. Lump Sum or Fixed Price Contracts

A lump sum or fixed price contract is the most common type of construction contract. This type of contract is a simple agreement between the owner and the contractor, in which the contractor agrees to perform the work for a fixed fee. This type of contract is particularly advantageous for owners who are working with a tight budget and a strict timeline, as it offers a high level of predictability and control over costs.

2. Cost Plus Contracts

In a cost-plus contract, the owner agrees to pay the contractor for the actual cost of the work plus a predetermined fee. This type of contract is often used for projects with a high level of uncertainty, such as those involving significant unforeseen conditions or changes in scope. However, cost-plus contracts can be risky for owners, as they may lead to unexpected costs and delays.

3. Time and Materials Contracts

Time and materials contracts are similar to cost-plus contracts, but they offer even greater flexibility to the contractor. In this type of contract, the owner pays the contractor based on the amount of time and materials used to complete the work. While time and materials contracts can be useful for smaller, simpler projects, they can be risky for owners who may not have a clear understanding of the project`s scope or timeline.

4. Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) Contracts

A guaranteed maximum price contract is a hybrid of a lump sum and cost-plus contract. With a GMP contract, the owner and contractor agree on a fixed price for the work, but the contractor agrees to absorb any additional costs beyond a certain point. This type of contract offers a high level of cost control for the owner, but it can be problematic if the contractor is not able to accurately estimate the project`s costs.

5. Design-Build Contracts

Design-build contracts are becoming increasingly popular in the construction industry. In this type of contract, the owner hires a single entity to both design and construct the project. This approach can be advantageous for owners who want to streamline the construction process and reduce the potential for communication errors between the designer and contractor. However, it can also be risky for owners who may not have a clear understanding of the design and construction process.

In conclusion, the type of contract chosen for a construction project can have a significant impact on the outcome of the project. By choosing the right contract for their specific needs, owners can ensure that their projects are completed on time, within budget, and to their satisfaction. Whether they choose a lump sum, cost-plus, time and materials, GMP, or design-build contract, it is important for owners to work closely with their contractors to ensure that the project is executed smoothly and efficiently.